Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim ntawm kev xeb ntawm lub nkoj siab

1. Kev xeb tag nrho (tseem hu ua kev xeb sib xws), uas yog ib qho tshwm sim los ntawm kev xeb tshuaj lom neeg lossis kev xeb hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv xeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag txhua qhov ntawm cov hlau nto sib npaug, yog li cov hlau sib xyaw thiab kev teeb tsa yog cov xwm txheej sib xws, tag nrho cov hlau nto yog xeb ntawm tus nqi zoo sib xws. Rau cov hlau tsis xeb, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive nrog tus nqi PH qis, zaj duab xis passivation yuav poob nws cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv vim kev yaj, thiab tom qab ntawd kev xeb tag nrho tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias nws yog kev xeb tag nrho los ntawm kev xeb tshuaj lom neeg lossis kev xeb hluav taws xob, qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias nws nyuaj rau tsim cov zaj duab xis passivation tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm xeb, thiab cov khoom xeb tuaj yeem yaj hauv nruab nrab, lossis tsim cov oxide xoob, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem xeb ntau ntxiv. Qhov puas tsuaj ntawm kev xeb tag nrho tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees qis: thawj zaug, nws yuav ua rau txo qis hauv thaj chaw siab ntawm lub nkoj siab, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev xau, lossis txawm tias tawg lossis pov tseg vim tsis muaj zog txaus; Qhov thib ob, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm electrochemical corrosion, H + txo qis feem ntau nrog, uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv puv nrog hydrogen, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau hydrogen embrittle thiab lwm yam teeb meem, uas kuj yog vim li cas cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau dehydrogenated thaum lub sijhawm vuam.
2. Pitting yog ib qho teeb meem xeb hauv zos uas pib ntawm qhov chaw hlau thiab nthuav dav sab hauv los ua ib lub qhov me me zoo li qhov xeb. Hauv ib qho chaw ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb, tom qab ib lub sijhawm, cov qhov etched lossis pitting yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw hlau, thiab cov qhov etched no yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov tob dhau sijhawm. Txawm hais tias qhov hnyav hlau pib poob me me, vim yog qhov ceev ceev ntawm kev xeb hauv zos, cov khoom siv thiab cov phab ntsa yeeb nkab feem ntau raug perforated, ua rau muaj xwm txheej tam sim ntawd. Nws nyuaj rau tshuaj xyuas qhov xeb pitting vim tias qhov pitting me me thiab feem ntau yog npog los ntawm cov khoom xeb, yog li nws nyuaj rau ntsuas thiab piv qhov degree pitting kom ntau. Yog li ntawd, pitting corrosion tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv xeb puas tsuaj thiab insidious tshaj plaws.
3. Kev xeb intergranular yog ib qho xwm txheej xeb hauv zos uas tshwm sim raws lossis ze ntawm ciam teb noob, feem ntau yog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov noob thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg sab hauv, nrog rau qhov muaj cov khoom tsis huv ntawm ciam teb noob lossis kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Txawm hais tias kev xeb intergranular yuav tsis pom tseeb ntawm qib macro, thaum nws tshwm sim, lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv ploj mus yuav luag tam sim ntawd, feem ntau ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm sai sai yam tsis muaj kev ceeb toom. Qhov hnyav dua, kev xeb intergranular yooj yim hloov mus rau hauv kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking, uas dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking.
4. Kev xeb qhov sib txawv yog qhov tshwm sim xeb uas tshwm sim hauv qhov sib txawv nqaim (qhov dav feem ntau yog ntawm 0.02-0.1 hli) tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw hlau vim yog cov khoom txawv teb chaws lossis cov laj thawj ntawm cov qauv. Cov sib txawv no yuav tsum nqaim txaus kom cov kua dej ntws mus rau hauv thiab nres, yog li muab cov xwm txheej rau qhov sib txawv xeb. Hauv kev siv ua haujlwm, cov pob qij txha flange, cov nplaim sib txuas ntawm cov txiv ntoo, cov pob qij txha lap, cov seams vuam tsis tau vuam los ntawm, cov kab nrib pleb, cov qhov hws saum npoo, cov slag vuam tsis ntxuav thiab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw hlau ntawm qhov ntsuas, cov khoom tsis huv, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsim cov sib txawv, ua rau muaj kev xeb qhov sib txawv. Hom kev xeb hauv zos no yog qhov tshwm sim thiab ua rau puas tsuaj heev, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev nruj ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm thiab txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kev xeb qhov tawg yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab kev saib xyuas thiab ntxuav cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
5. Kev xeb los ntawm kev ntxhov siab suav txog 49% ntawm tag nrho cov hom xeb ntawm txhua lub thawv, uas yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab cov khoom siv corrosive, ua rau muaj kev tawg brittle. Hom kab nrib pleb no tsis yog tsuas yog tsim raws ciam teb ntawm cov noob xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov noob nws tus kheej. Nrog rau kev loj hlob tob ntawm cov kab nrib pleb rau sab hauv ntawm cov hlau, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev poob qis ntawm lub zog ntawm cov qauv hlau, thiab txawm tias ua rau cov khoom siv hlau puas tsuaj sai sai yam tsis muaj kev ceeb toom. Yog li ntawd, kev ntxhov siab corrosion-induced cracking (SCC) muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev puas tsuaj sai sai thiab muaj zog, thaum qhov tawg tau tsim, nws qhov kev nthuav dav yog ceev heev thiab tsis muaj kev ceeb toom tseem ceeb ua ntej qhov tsis ua tiav, uas yog ib daim ntawv ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm.
6. Qhov teeb meem kawg ntawm kev xeb yog kev xeb qaug zog, uas yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj maj mam rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom kom txog thaum tawg nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv corrosive. Qhov cuam tshuam ua ke ntawm kev xeb thiab cov khoom siv hloov pauv ua rau lub sijhawm pib thiab lub sijhawm voj voog ntawm kev tawg qaug zog luv luv, thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov tawg nce ntxiv, uas ua rau qhov txwv kev qaug zog ntawm cov khoom siv hlau txo qis heev. Qhov xwm txheej no tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom nrawm dua qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom siv siab, tab sis kuj ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm lub thawv siab tsim raws li cov qauv kev qaug zog qis dua li qhov xav tau. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv, txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntau yam kev xeb xws li kev xeb qaug zog ntawm cov thawv siab stainless hlau, cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua: txhua 6 lub hlis kom ntxuav kom huv si sab hauv ntawm lub tank sterilization, lub tank dej kub thiab lwm yam khoom siv; Yog tias qhov tawv ntawm dej siab thiab cov khoom siv siv ntau dua 8 teev hauv ib hnub, nws raug ntxuav txhua 3 lub hlis.